feat(daemon): GetVariables + read_sync — the standard mutable-read pattern

EquipmentRuntime::read_sync establishes THE pattern for reading mutable
engine state from gRPC/binding threads (Phase 0 item 6): post the read onto
the io thread (the model's single owner), wait on a future with a deadline,
nullopt => UNAVAILABLE at the RPC edge. Always truthful, no cache to
invalidate; milliseconds are irrelevant at SECS rates.

GetVariables: name resolution against the service snapshot (empty query =
all; unknown name => INVALID_ARGUMENT naming the offender), values read via
read_sync, converted by the new from_item reverse conversion (single-element
numeric arrays => scalars, multi-element => List; Boolean/Binary/text per
format; C2-as-integer and U8>2^63 wrap documented as TODOs).

Tests run the engine in run_async — the daemon's PRODUCTION threading mode,
previously untested — and round-trip through both conversions: SetVariables
(declared-format write) then GetVariables (read) over a real in-process
channel. Daemon suite 41 -> 61 assertions. daemon_interop.py gains a live
GetVariables round-trip check vs the running daemon (verified green).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

apps/equipment_service.hpp

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <map>
 #include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "secsgem/gem/runtime.hpp"
 #include "secsgem/secs2/item.hpp"
@@ -78,6 +80,68 @@ inline bool value_is_set(const pb::Value& v) {
   return v.kind_case() != pb::Value::KIND_NOT_SET;
 }
 
+// SECS-II Item -> proto Value (the read direction). Single-element numeric
+// arrays — the overwhelmingly common case — become scalars; multi-element
+// arrays become a List so nothing is lost.
+// TODO(daemon): C2 (2-byte Unicode) currently surfaces as integer code
+// points (it shares storage with U2); convert to text when a tool needs it.
+// TODO(daemon): U8 values above 2^63-1 wrap through the sint64 integer
+// field; switch Value to a dedicated uint64 arm if that ever bites.
+inline pb::Value from_item(const s2::Item& item) {
+  pb::Value out;
+  switch (item.format()) {
+    case s2::Format::List: {
+      auto* list = out.mutable_list();
+      for (const auto& child : item.as_list()) *list->add_items() = from_item(child);
+      return out;
+    }
+    case s2::Format::ASCII:
+    case s2::Format::JIS8:
+      out.set_text(item.as_ascii());
+      return out;
+    case s2::Format::Binary: {
+      const auto& b = item.as_bytes();
+      out.set_binary(std::string(b.begin(), b.end()));
+      return out;
+    }
+    case s2::Format::Boolean: {
+      const auto& b = item.as_bytes();
+      if (b.size() == 1) {
+        out.set_boolean(b[0] != 0);
+      } else {
+        auto* list = out.mutable_list();
+        for (auto v : b) list->add_items()->set_boolean(v != 0);
+      }
+      return out;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;  // numeric formats: handled generically below
+  }
+  return std::visit(
+      [&](const auto& vec) -> pb::Value {
+        using V = std::decay_t<decltype(vec)>;
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<V, s2::Item::List> ||
+                      std::is_same_v<V, std::string>) {
+          return out;  // unreachable: handled above
+        } else {
+          auto set_one = [](pb::Value& dst, auto v) {
+            if constexpr (std::is_floating_point_v<decltype(v)>)
+              dst.set_real(static_cast<double>(v));
+            else
+              dst.set_integer(static_cast<int64_t>(v));
+          };
+          if (vec.size() == 1) {
+            set_one(out, vec[0]);
+          } else {
+            auto* list = out.mutable_list();
+            for (auto v : vec) set_one(*list->add_items(), v);
+          }
+          return out;
+        }
+      },
+      item.storage());
+}
+
 inline pb::ControlState::State to_proto_state(gem::ControlState s) {
   switch (s) {
     case gem::ControlState::EquipmentOffline: return pb::ControlState::EQUIPMENT_OFFLINE;
@@ -150,6 +214,43 @@ class EquipmentService final : public pb::Equipment::Service {
     return grpc::Status::OK;
   }
 
+  grpc::Status GetVariables(grpc::ServerContext*, const pb::VariableQuery* req,
+                            pb::VariableSnapshot* resp) override {
+    // Resolve names against the snapshot maps (empty query = everything).
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, uint32_t>> wanted;
+    if (req->names().empty()) {
+      wanted.reserve(vars_.size());
+      for (const auto& [name, ref] : vars_) wanted.emplace_back(name, ref.vid);
+    } else {
+      for (const auto& name : req->names()) {
+        auto it = vars_.find(name);
+        if (it == vars_.end())
+          return grpc::Status(grpc::StatusCode::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                              "no variable named '" + name + "'");
+        wanted.emplace_back(name, it->second.vid);
+      }
+    }
+    // Mutable values live on the io thread — read them there (read_sync is
+    // the standard pattern; see runtime.hpp).
+    std::vector<uint32_t> vids;
+    vids.reserve(wanted.size());
+    for (const auto& w : wanted) vids.push_back(w.second);
+    auto values = rt_.read_sync([this, vids]() {
+      std::vector<std::optional<s2::Item>> out;
+      out.reserve(vids.size());
+      for (auto vid : vids) out.push_back(rt_.model().vid_value(vid));
+      return out;
+    });
+    if (!values)
+      return grpc::Status(grpc::StatusCode::UNAVAILABLE,
+                          "engine io thread did not answer (not running?)");
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < wanted.size(); ++i) {
+      if (!(*values)[i]) continue;  // vid vanished — defensive, can't happen
+      (*resp->mutable_values())[wanted[i].first] = from_item(*(*values)[i]);
+    }
+    return grpc::Status::OK;
+  }
+
   grpc::Status GetControlState(grpc::ServerContext*, const pb::Empty*,
                                pb::ControlState* resp) override {
     // Thread-safe: control_state() reads the runtime's atomic mirror.

docs/DAEMON_ROADMAP.md

@@ -113,9 +113,9 @@ debts tax every later phase, and the most valuable tests aren't automated.
    (SVIDs 1/2 `refresh()`, CEIDs 400/401) with YAML role bindings
    (`control_state_svid:`, `cj_executing_ceid:` …). Gradual; aligns with the
    capability structure GEM itself defines (S1F19) and enables vendor subsetting.
-6. ⬜ **Standardize the mutable-read pattern** for daemon RPCs: post-to-io +
-   future with deadline (always truthful; latency irrelevant at SECS rates).
-   First consumer: `GetVariables` (Phase A1) — set the precedent there.
+6. ✅ **Standardize the mutable-read pattern** — `EquipmentRuntime::read_sync`
+   (post-to-io + future with deadline; nullopt => UNAVAILABLE at the RPC edge).
+   Precedent set by `GetVariables`; every future mutable read copies it.
 7. ⬜ Move `apps/equipment_service.hpp` into the library tree
    (`include/secsgem/daemon/`) once Phase B grows it; add a TSan-built
    `run_async` + concurrent-RPC daemon test (today's daemon tests only poll()).
@@ -126,9 +126,12 @@ debts tax every later phase, and the most valuable tests aren't automated.
    RPC edge (was silently writing ASCII "").
 
 ### Phase A — finish the universal daemon surface (small, unblock vendors)
-1. ⬜ `GetVariables` — needs the reverse `Item → proto Value` conversion
-   (read via post-to-io + future, or serve from a daemon-side cache of last
-   set values; decide and document).
+1. ✅ `GetVariables` — `from_item` reverse conversion (scalar for 1-element
+   arrays, List otherwise; C2-as-text and U8>2^63 noted as TODOs) + reads via
+   `read_sync`. Tested under **run_async (production threading)** — write
+   through the API, read back through the API — plus empty-query-returns-all,
+   INVALID_ARGUMENT on unknown names, and a live round-trip check in
+   `daemon_interop.py`.
 2. ⬜ Alarm `name:` config field + `SetAlarm`/`ClearAlarm` RPCs + tests.
 3. ⬜ `RequestControlState` (operator online/offline) + control-state atomic
    mirror (fixes the known race) + `WatchHealth` stream (link state from the

include/secsgem/gem/runtime.hpp

@@ -2,12 +2,15 @@
 
 #include <asio.hpp>
 #include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <functional>
+#include <future>
 #include <memory>
 #include <optional>
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
+#include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -72,6 +75,29 @@ class EquipmentRuntime {
   void set_alarm(uint32_t alid);
   void clear_alarm(uint32_t alid);
 
+  // ---- reading mutable engine state from outside the io thread -------------
+  // THE standard pattern for every read of mutable state (variable values,
+  // alarm activity, spool depth, ...) from gRPC/binding threads: post the
+  // read onto the io thread — the model's single owner — and wait with a
+  // deadline. Always truthful (no cache invalidation), and the milliseconds
+  // of latency are irrelevant at SECS message rates. Returns nullopt if the
+  // io thread doesn't service the post in time (not running, or stalled).
+  // Requires run()/run_async(); in poll() mode there is nobody to serve the
+  // post, so a same-thread caller should read the model directly instead.
+  template <typename Fn>
+  auto read_sync(Fn&& fn,
+                 std::chrono::milliseconds timeout = std::chrono::milliseconds(2000))
+      -> std::optional<std::invoke_result_t<std::decay_t<Fn>&>> {
+    using R = std::invoke_result_t<std::decay_t<Fn>&>;
+    auto prom = std::make_shared<std::promise<R>>();
+    auto fut = prom->get_future();
+    asio::post(io_, [prom, fn = std::forward<Fn>(fn)]() mutable {
+      prom->set_value(fn());
+    });
+    if (fut.wait_for(timeout) != std::future_status::ready) return std::nullopt;
+    return fut.get();
+  }
+
   // ---- host-command behaviour hook -----------------------------------------
   void on_command(std::string rcmd, HostCommandRegistry::Handler h) {
     model_->commands.set_handler(std::move(rcmd), std::move(h));

interop/daemon_interop.py

@@ -153,6 +153,12 @@ def run(grpc_addr: str, hsms_host: str, hsms_port: int, session_id: int,
         check("gRPC SetVariables(ChamberPressure=2.5) -> ACCEPT",
               ack.code == pb.Ack.ACCEPT, pb.Ack.Code.Name(ack.code))
 
+        # Read back through the API: SetVariables -> engine -> GetVariables.
+        snap = stub.GetVariables(pb.VariableQuery(names=["ChamberPressure"]))
+        got = snap.values["ChamberPressure"].real
+        check("gRPC GetVariables round-trips ChamberPressure=2.5",
+              abs(got - 2.5) < 0.01, f"got {got}")
+
         ack = stub.FireEvent(pb.Event(name="ProcessStarted"))
         check("gRPC FireEvent(ProcessStarted) -> ACCEPT",
               ack.code == pb.Ack.ACCEPT, pb.Ack.Code.Name(ack.code))

tests/test_daemon_service.cpp

@@ -146,3 +146,65 @@ TEST_CASE("Equipment gRPC service over an in-process channel") {
 
   server->Shutdown();
 }
+
+// GetVariables needs a live io thread (read_sync posts onto it), so this case
+// runs the engine in run_async() — the daemon's PRODUCTION threading mode —
+// with real concurrency between the gRPC handler thread and the io thread.
+TEST_CASE("GetVariables round-trip under run_async (production threading mode)") {
+  gem::EquipmentRuntime rt(test_config());
+  dmn::EquipmentService svc(rt);   // snapshot BEFORE the io thread starts
+  rt.run_async();
+
+  grpc::ServerBuilder builder;
+  builder.RegisterService(&svc);
+  std::unique_ptr<grpc::Server> server(builder.BuildAndStart());
+  REQUIRE(server);
+  auto stub = pb::Equipment::NewStub(server->InProcessChannel(grpc::ChannelArguments{}));
+
+  // Write through the API, then read back through the API: exercises BOTH
+  // conversions (Value->Item with declared formats, Item->Value) end to end.
+  {
+    grpc::ClientContext ctx;
+    pb::VariableUpdate req;
+    pb::Ack resp;
+    (*req.mutable_values())["ChamberPressure"].set_real(2.5);
+    (*req.mutable_values())["WaferCounter"].set_integer(7);
+    REQUIRE(stub->SetVariables(&ctx, req, &resp).ok());
+    REQUIRE(resp.code() == pb::Ack::ACCEPT);
+  }
+  {
+    grpc::ClientContext ctx;
+    pb::VariableQuery req;
+    pb::VariableSnapshot resp;
+    req.add_names("ChamberPressure");
+    req.add_names("WaferCounter");
+    auto st = stub->GetVariables(&ctx, req, &resp);
+    REQUIRE(st.ok());
+    REQUIRE(resp.values().count("ChamberPressure") == 1);
+    REQUIRE(resp.values().count("WaferCounter") == 1);
+    CHECK(resp.values().at("ChamberPressure").real() == doctest::Approx(2.5));
+    CHECK(resp.values().at("WaferCounter").integer() == 7);
+  }
+
+  SUBCASE("empty query returns every configured variable") {
+    grpc::ClientContext ctx;
+    pb::VariableQuery req;
+    pb::VariableSnapshot resp;
+    REQUIRE(stub->GetVariables(&ctx, req, &resp).ok());
+    const auto expected = rt.model().svids.size() + rt.model().dvids.all().size();
+    CHECK(resp.values().size() == expected);
+  }
+
+  SUBCASE("unknown name is INVALID_ARGUMENT, naming the offender") {
+    grpc::ClientContext ctx;
+    pb::VariableQuery req;
+    pb::VariableSnapshot resp;
+    req.add_names("definitely_not_a_var");
+    auto st = stub->GetVariables(&ctx, req, &resp);
+    CHECK(st.error_code() == grpc::StatusCode::INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+    CHECK(st.error_message().find("definitely_not_a_var") != std::string::npos);
+  }
+
+  server->Shutdown();
+  rt.stop();
+}